Death and Dying in Hinduism and Buddhism

Passing and Dying-Customs and Rituals Hinduism and Buddhism Religious and social convictions assume a huge job in the procedures of death and kicking the bucket. These convictions have made customs that give a calculated structure to understanding the experience of death. Societies over the world have extraordinary, one of a kind customs encompassing demise and biting the dust. This can be demonstrated by contrasting Hinduism and Buddhism. Their pre-demise customs, entombment ceremonies and ideas of existence in the wake of death are altogether different. Hindus and Buddhists have various pre-passing customs. At the point when passing is unavoidable, Hindus are carried home to die.They are put in either their room or the gateway of their home with their head confronting east. A light is lit close to their head, and the individual is urged to concentrate on their mantra. The Hinduism religion expresses that a mantra is a word continued during intercession. Relatives sing songs, implor e and read sacred text for the withering individual. At the point when Buddhists are biting the dust, it is dependent upon their family to keep them positive. Friends and family should free themselves of upsetting feeling. It is their duty to enable the withering individual to acknowledge passing as a characteristic and inescapable piece of life.Hindus ceremonies are scripted, strict and self-dependant while Buddhist’s customs are low-support and generally dependant on relatives. Taking everything into account, Hinduism and Buddhism are altogether different with respect to pre-passing ceremonies. Hinduism convictions about existence in the wake of death change essentially from Buddhism convictions. Hindus accept that people experience an endless pattern of birth and passing. Hindus have faith in karma. Karma is â€Å"action, seen as bringing upon oneself unavoidable outcomes, fortunate or unfortunate, either in this life or in a rebirth: in Hinduism one of the methods for co ming to Brahman† (Collins English Dictionary, Web).Buddhists accept that each spirit is renewed until it has been purified. In Buddhism, the objective is to accomplish Nirvana. Nirvana is â€Å"freedom from the perpetual pattern of individual rebirths, with their subsequent torment, because of the elimination of individual enthusiasm, contempt, and hallucination. † (Collins English Dictionary, Web). Hastily, these two customs appear to be comparative, however contrasts can be found on a more profound level. Hinduism is a ceaseless cycle, while Buddhism can be gotten away. The greatest distinction among Hinduism and Buddhism is their internment customs. Hindu families get ready beneficiary perished with oil and herbs. The body is carried on a wooden casing to a publically assigned incineration site where grievers serenade mantras. After the body has been incinerated, bits of bone and debris that remain are gathered and thronw into the Holy River. Ten days after the incin eration, relatives offer ten pindas to the waterway to take care of the soul of the perished on its movements to the following manifestation. Buddhists hold basic, serious burial services. They trust it is superfluous to spend a ton of cash on customary services. During the review, a raised area is set up before the casket.Mourners can put contributions, for example, natural product, blossoms and candles on the special stepped area. Pictures of the Buddha and perished individual are put before the special raised area. These religions are diverse in light of the fact that Hindus internments are detailed and costly, while Buddhists entombments are straightforward, down to earth and cheap. Internment ceremonies uncover how extraordinary Hinduism and Buddhism are. Hinduism and Buddhism have altogether different pre-demise customs, ideas of life following death and entombment rituals. This demonstrates all religions have a one of a kind arrangement of customs encompassing passing and bit ing the dust. These customs help shape religion and make an assorted society.Bibliography Hitchcock, Susan Tyler. Topography of Religion: Where God Lives, Where Pilgrims Walk. Washington DC: National Geographic Society, 2004. Print. Berhad, Koperasi Buddhisme Malaysia. A Guide to a Proper Buddhist Funeral. Ocean Park: Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc, 2000. Print. Collins English Dictionary. â€Å"Karma. † Dictionary Reference. 2009. HarperCo Publishers. Walk 6, 2013 < http://word reference. reference. com/peruse/karma> Collins English Dictionary. â€Å"Nirvana. † Dictionary Reference. 2009. HarperCo Publishers. Walk 6, 2013 < http://word reference. reference. com/peruse/nirvana>

War of 1812 free essay sample

America confronted numerous progressions after the war of 1812 in numerous perspectives. Most changes were incredibly positive and hence the time after the war was named the, â€Å"Era of Good Feelings. † Many subjects could bolster this case; anyway the development of patriotism and sectionalism decided the outrageous exactness of this name. Patriotism conveyed a feeling of pride and a freshly discovered love for the peoples’ free nation of America, for example, the fourth of July, and the challenging the Russian â€Å"Holy Alliance. Sectionalism, then again, delivered increasingly positive advances for the north while the south gotten little consideration. Consolidating occasions, for example, the frenzy of 1819, subjugation debates, and poor tax collection made this a negative result. It is critical for individuals to have pride in their nation. On account of the American’s freshly discovered love for their property, a feeling of pretentiousness developed amo ng the people. The fourth of July, another national occasion praising the autonomy of America, is a solid case of the new, nationalistic perspectives of Americans. We will compose a custom paper test on War of 1812 or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Various festivals were hung on this day, as appeared in John Krimmel’s painting of Center Square, Philadelphia in 1819 (Doc. C). It shows the merriments that happened on this scandalous day. Alongside the celebratory piece of patriotism, what additionally comes is saving your national traditions. In a journal section of John Quincy Adams on November 7, 1823 he expounded on sending a clergyman to challenge the intervention of the Holy Alliance of Russia; and simultaneously decay the intensity of Great Britain (Doc H. ). Another occasion that added to patriotism was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. The US continued to proclaim the states beyond reach to Britain. It was additionally a continuation of the lack of bias and noninterventionist strategies set by Washington. Due to these activities, US perceived the British settlements in the states, yet will ensure the states, and new nations will be created in North and South America. Finally, no British colonization in America will be allowed, as long as America doesn't meddle with European issues. Patriotism arose during this period, and it was amazingly powerful, anyway sectionalism negatively affected the American life. A Congress letter by John Randolph in 1816 examined how Congress ought to manage business and not demand charges. The charges supported makers, and they got well off, while the southern ranchers were amazingly poor as a result of these obligations (Doc A. ). Alongside extraordinary burdening, came incredible development west as a result of the populace development. This would appear to be something worth being thankful for, however just to certain pieces of the US; especially the North. The â€Å"National Road† was the main improved street to be supported by the national government. Hence, the north gotten streets, waterways, and government help. The East gotten defensive levies, and the South gotten near nothing. Servitude was as yet noticeable in the south, and no administration help was given. In a letter from Anna Hayes Johnson in Charleston, South Carolina, to her cousin in Raleigh, North Carolina, she examines the bondage debate in the North and South. Subjugation was incidentally managed by the Missouri Compromise in 1820; however it was not until later that a perpetual abolishment was made (Doc G. ). Another occasion of Sectionalism was the Panic of 1819. What caused this was the flattening in crop costs; particularly cotton as Britain requested drops and less expensive assets. Likewise, over theory of the land made the western ranchers incapable to pay credits from the US banks. The Bank of the US had out of nowhere fixed their credits; which joined harder advance necessities, and prerequisites for specie from state banks. Finally, strategically, sectionalism was extremely self-evident. In maps of well known votes and discretionary votes from 1820 and 1824, plainly by 1824, unique states had started to decide in favor of various presidents (Doc I. ). In the long run, the US was partitioned into various ideological groups; and along these lines, political developed and changed the US until the end of time. In synopsis, sectionalism had risen and what appeared partitioned the nation until the end of time. Numerous unreasonable duties and requests from the bank made this period troublesome, yet additionally helped the political part of our country Regardless, there is no uncertainty that the rise of patriotism and sectionalism in the states helped mark this time as the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings. † Between the fourth of July festivities, fighting the Holy Alliance; and the Panic of 1819, the precision of this name is extremely careful. The patriotism responses influenced everybody in a positive manner, however the sectionalist responses were generally separated between the north and south. The records among this assessment can bolster these cases and show the exceptional changes that occurred during this timeframe.

Why Do I Have Bad Luck 2 Simple Things to Change Your Destiny

Why Do I Have Bad Luck 2 Simple Things to Change Your Destiny Do you believe in luck? Do you attribute the good events in your life to good luck and the negative events to bad luck?Sometimes, a set of negative events happen in life and you can’t help but think that you are an unlucky person.A couple of years ago, I experienced such a series of bad events. I had applied for a scholarship to study abroad and met all the requirements for the scholarship.All that stood between me and the scholarship was a single test that I was very sure I would ace.A few days before the test, I fell ill and was bedridden.This affected my ability to prepare adequately for the test, and I even had to take the test while under medication.As you might have guessed, I didn’t pass the test, and my hopes of studying abroad went down the drain.To make matters worse, I had applied for the scholarship together with my then girlfriend, and she aced the test and snagged the scholarship.Shortly after, she broke up with me, claiming that it would be impossible for us to rem ain in a relationship when we were in different countries, and she felt I had no hope of joining her abroad.To say I was devastated would be an understatement.At this point, I started feeling like the universe was out to get me. I started wondering what I had done wrong to attract such bad luck into my life.For the next couple of days, I stayed alone in my room brooding and wondering why the world was so unfair to me. I was in such a negative state of mind.I even had a chance to retake the test, but I did not apply for the retake because I felt that I was having a run of bad luck and that something else would come up to prevent me from getting the scholarship.It took a lot of encouragement from one of my closest friends to get rid of the belief that the universe was conspiring against me.I am pretty sure we have all had experiences that made us feel like we were having a large helping of bad luck.As I came to later find out, however, this is nothing but a belief.It is all in the min d. We don’t have a run of good or bad luck.Sure, sometimes bad things happen to us when we least expect it and without any valid explanation.However, these things don’t happen to you because you are unlucky or because you did something wrong.They are purely random, and they happen to everyone.Unfortunately (or fortunately, depending on how you look at it), our brains are wired to look for patterns.When we feel like things in our life are spinning out of control, our brains, in an attempt to provide some sense of control, invent patterns from purely random events.This is why gamblers tend to see patterns where none exist, when the chance of winning is completely random.In the case of bad events in life, our brain convinces us that we are having we are unlucky, and in a bid to further explain the situation, our brains convince us that we must have done something wrong that brought us the bad luck.The truth, however, is that there is no bad luck. No one has better or worse luck tha n the other.Things just happen randomly, and sometimes, it is inevitable that bad things will happen to you.If you feel like you are having a run of bad luck, below are two simple things that will change your destiny and make you feel luckier. STOP BELIEVING THAT YOU HAVE NO CONTROL OVER YOUR LIFEPeople who think that they have bad luck generally have this belief that the events in their life are controlled by some external force that outside themselves.They believe that their actions have little or no impact on their lives, and that they have no ability to change their lives.The problem with this system is that people who attribute the events in their life to good or bad luck have little incentive to take action to change their lives.After all, what is the point of putting a lot of effort to change your life when the events in your life are determined by something outside your control?Therefore, these people tend to simply accept whatever happens to them in life, or they turn to su perstitious activities in an attempt to influence their luck, such as carrying a rabbit’s foot or crossing their fingers.Another problem with the belief that the negative things in your life are a direct result of bad luck is that it often triggers the blame game.Instead of focusing on how you can move forward from whatever has happened, your focus is directed backwards.You start wondering what you could have done differently and blame yourself for what you did. You start thinking you are not good enough or that you are not worthy.Consistently thinking about the past and why bad happening things are happening to you can even lead to stress and anxiety.The first key to changing your destiny and feeling luckier, therefore, is to let go of the idea that you have no control over your life.The truth is that your actions have a huge impact on your life.If you look at most of the most successful people in the world, many of them attribute their success to their own actions and efforts.Ev en when bad things happen to them, they don’t blame it on the world or any other external forces.Instead, they look for ways to keep moving and make their life better despite the setbacks they experience.If you want to start feeling luckier, you should adopt the same mentality.When bad things happen to you, don’t spend time pitying yourself or whining about having a run of bad luck. Instead, try to find out what you can do to make your situation better.If you just lost your job, instead of complaining about how your boss never appreciated your efforts, this should act as motivation for you to aggressively look for another job.You might even get a better job than the one you just lost, in which case your ‘bad luck’ would turn out to be a blessing in disguise.If your business just failed, instead of lamenting about the universe being out to get you, see what you can learn from the experience and start figuring out how you will move forward.Remember, as the popular quote by Col eman Cox goes, the harder you work, the luckier you get.FOCUS ON THE GOOD IN YOUR LIFEThere is an age-old tale about a Cherokee grandfather giving his grandson teachings about life.The grandfather tells the grandson that inside him, and indeed inside every person on earth, there are two wolves â€" a white one and a black one. The white wolf is good and full of positivity.The black wolf, on the other hand, is evil and full of negativity, regret, anger, and self-pity.The grandfather tells the boy that the two wolves are constantly engaged in a vicious battle.After taking a minute to ponder on the story, the boy asks his grandson which wolf eventually wins the battle.With a smile, his grandson simply answers, “The one you feed.”This fable is a very good illustration of what goes on in life.The two wolves represent the two sides of life â€" the good and the bad.Whichever wolf you feed is determined by what you choose to pay attention to in your life. If you pay attention to the good things in your life, you will see more good things in your life and appear to be lucky.If you pay attention to the bad things in your life, you will notice more bad things in life, and it will almost impossible to shake the belief that you are unlucky.When you are convinced that the universe is out to get you, you will only pay attention to events that reinforce this view, and the more you notice them, the more you convince yourself that you are unlucky and the more negative your life becomes.This creates a vicious cycle of negativity. You become demotivated and stop putting in the effort to go after the good things in life because you are convinced that your ‘bad luck’ will prevent you from achieving what you want.This is what caused me to not bother reapplying for the scholarship test, even if there was a high chance I would have aced the test had I retaken it.A friend of mine named Dylan went through an experience that is a perfect illustration of how this works. Dylan had t he dream of becoming a stand-up comedian.Spurred by his dream, he decided to audition for a local comedy show. Unfortunately, he did not qualify, and he went back home feeling a bit disappointed.Still, the passion was burning inside him, and he was determined to follow his dreams.In the following five months, Dylan attended three more auditions and failed to qualify in all three.At this point, he became heartbroken and was convinced that he was just not lucky.He lost his self-confidence and his performances in the following auditions became even poorer.He eventually stopped auditioning, convinced there was no point in going for the auditions when fate was against him. At no point did he consider trying to improve his craft.All he did was complain about how unlucky he was and how biased the judges were.At one point, I introduced Dylan to another friend of mine (Bryson) who was doing quite well in the comedy industry.When he learnt that Dylan was almost giving up on his dream of becom ing a stand-up comedian, Bryson offered to help Dylan qualify for the next auditions.Dylan was reluctant at first (after all, he thought that he would just fail since his stars were not aligned), but he eventually decided to give it a try.They started practicing together. Bryson taught him how to deliver his content properly, how to use pauses for comedic effect, how to work the stage, how to read the crowd, and so on.After about a month of practice, Dylan felt he was ready to give the auditions another try, and guess what?He qualified and has been a regular performer in the show for about 8 months now. He has also learnt the importance of constantly improving his performances.Dylan’s case shows why focusing on your perceived bad luck is bad for you.It saps your morale, energy and confidence, demotivates you from trying harder and puts you in victim mentality.If you want to start feeling luckier, you should shift your focus from what is going wrong in your life to the good in your life.This puts you in a more positive state of mind and gives you the hope to continue pushing harder despite any setbacks you might have experienced.In the end, having a positive state of mind leads to a more positive and seemingly ‘luckier’ life.In an attempt to investigate the influence of the thoughts you pay attention to on your chances of being lucky, psychologist Richard Wiseman conducted a survey where he asked the participants to indicate on a scale of 0% to 100% how they expected a specific future situation to turn out.The questions ranged from how much of a great time they expected to have during their next vacation to how much they expected to achieve at least one of their lifetime dreams.The findings from Wiseman’s survey were astounding.Participants who considered themselves to be lucky said that they expected a 90% chance of having a great time during their vacation and an 84% chance of realizing at least one of their lifetime goals.People who consider themselv es as unlucky, on the other hand, had much lower expectations. They indicated that they expected a 60% chance of having a great time during a vacation or of achieving a lifetime goal.From Wiseman’s study, it is clear that people who tend to be lucky expect to be lucky.They look at the future with positive expectations, which leads to positive experiences and a perception of more luck.Because of their positive outlook, they are also more likely to take advantage of any opportunities that they come across, which increases their “luck” even more.Even when faced with a negative event, they look at the positive side of their experience.For instance, when involved in a mild car accident, a person who considers himself to be unlucky might see it as a sign of bad luck.They will wonder why it happened to them, and they might even be angry at the universe because the accident resulted in them being late for work.A person who considers himself to be lucky, on the other hand, might see th is as a sign of good luck. They will be happy because they survived the accident without any injury.Both people experience the same situation, but one sees it as bad luck while the other sees it as good luck.Therefore, if you want to become luckier in your life, you should stop paying attention to the negative side of your life and shift your focus to the positive things in your life.When something you consider as bad happens to you, try to find the positive side in it.Have hope that things will eventually work out in your favor, regardless of how long it takes.Instead of spending time pondering about your ‘bad luck’, focus on what constructive steps you can take to attract more good luck.TAKE ACTION AND CHANGE YOUR LIFEWith those two simple things, you can change your destiny and attract more good luck to your life. You might have noticed that the two simple fixes discussed above have to do with changing your mind.Once you stop believing that you have no control over your life and start focusing on the good things in your life, you will stop perceiving yourself as being unlucky in life.However, this is not enough. If you actually want to start attracting good things in your life, you need to start taking action to bring about the kind of change you want to see in your life.Set aside like an hour of your time when you know you won’t be disturbed, get a pen and a notebook and come up with a plan on how you will achieve the good things you want in your life.It does not matter what you want â€" whether you want a better job, whether you want to buy your dream car or your dream home, win a scholarship or find the love of your life â€" sit down and figure out what exactly you need to do to get yourself where you want to be.Let’s assume you just lost your job and are looking for a lucky break that will not only help you find another job, but the job of your dreams.In this case, you should start by ensuring that you have a great resume.Do your research on how to write a bulletproof resume, and then spend some time making sure that yours is as good as can be.From there, do some research about different companies within your industry and come up with a list of companies you would love to work for (remember, you are looking for your dream job, not just any job).Once your list is ready, customize your CV to each of these companies, write a great customized cover letter to match each position you are applying for and send out your applications to the companies you identified.You can also reach out to recruiters within your industry in order to increase your visibility.Taking action will increase your chances of getting lucky and finding a better job, compared to constantly pitying yourself and whining about your bad luck.This does not only apply to finding a job. If you want to find the love of your life, start frequenting places where you are more likely to interact with other singles, brush up on your small talk skills, start dressing more nicely, and so on.If you want your business to be featured in the media, start building connections with guys in the media industry.Once you finally get featured, others will think you were lucky, but in essence, you will have attracted your own luck by taking action.The point here is that if you want to stop that run of bad luck, not only do you need to change your mindset, but you also need to take action in accordance with your new mindset.WRAPPING UPWhile it sometimes feels like you are having a run of bad luck, the truth is that it is all in the mind. You can change your destiny and end your run of bad luck by simply changing your mindset.The good thing is that you have now learnt the two simple things you need to do in order to change your mindset.The first one is to let go of the belief that you have no control over your life.The outcome of your life is not determined by luck or some other external force, but rather by your actions.The second thing you need to do to change y our mindset is to start focusing on the good things in your life. Your thoughts have a huge influence on your life.You attract what you think about.Therefore, if you want to attract positive things, you should focus on the positive side of your life.Finally, if you want to become luckier and attract good things into your life, your change in mindset should be accompanied by action.Remember, the harder you work, the luckier you get!

Theories of Management - 1221 Words

Theories gave organizations a framework for knowledge and a guide to achieving their goals. The Industrial Revolution prompted the need for better supervision of workers to boost productivity within the automobile, steel, and coal industries. It is because of this need that the various theories of management began to take shape. The classical management theory, which came about during the Industrial Revolution, focused on the single best way to perform and manage tasks. This enabled factories to operate year round and mass production of goods. But as the revolution went on, the factories divided into separate schools of thought regarding management yet still considered it to be a part of classical. The emphasis on manufacturing and†¦show more content†¦robberies, burglaries, and car thefts. It is from that information that supervisors can determine the areas that require more police presence. Most law enforcement agencies are made up of subsystems that allow the agency to function. These subsystems, such as the Detective Bureau, Administrative Bureau, Service Bureau, and Uniform Patrol Bureau all operate together as a whole which is what the systems school approach to management is based on. The managers of each of the bureaus are aware of the others function and communicate often. This is important so that the plans of one bureau do not negatively affect those of another. When an agency joins forces, so to speak, with an outside agency it s known as synergy. It increases the effectiveness of the cooperation. The systems approach tells managers to keep employees focused on the objective so that overall goals can be met. The contingency school theory is when those in management use approaches or take actions depending on that particular situation. This theory supports suing all or parts of past theories to solve a problem. Law enforcement utilizes this approach on a daily basis. Officers respond to calls for service in which they are expe cted to rectify. They use their years of experience and training along with past incidents of similarity and decide on what actions are necessary to take. The contingency school is based onShow MoreRelatedTerror Management Theory1289 Words   |  6 Pagesboth humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for â€Å"terror management† is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. 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Chaplin vs Buster Free Essays

Looking at Modern Times we see cater his act to the viewer. Pressured by the public to reflect social and political discrepancies of the world Charlie develops a topical approach to his art. Buster also developed his act to appeal to the masses as I will later discuss but when comparing our two films Charlie’s Modern Times Is the one which caters to both the social and political Issues of the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Chaplin vs Buster or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beyond the realm of film Charlie holds his own personal commentary about his world and the Issues faced as his book A Comedian Sees the World demonstrates. Still despite his views initially Charlie saw a clear separation between his art and politics. â€Å"Art is the treatment applied to work and has nothing to do with the subject matter. â€Å"2 Despite this by the mid sass it was not enough to be political yourself as an artist it was also expected to be seen in your art. It was following his world tour that he became more out spoken about the condition the Depression had left the world, and decided to give into outside pressures. Like other Charlie films the film Modern Times took straight from the textbook of Chaplain’s aesthetic contract where comedy, romance and pathos, would meet. As stated the difference between other early films by Charlie and Modern Times however were the topical allusions used. We can clearly see this in early scenes between the Electro Steel Company’s owner and his workers. The boss barks demands throughout the beginning and by the end of the sequence Charlie’s character ends up going mad from the oppressive nature of the work place. Another allusion is to link between poverty and crime as we see scenes of Charlie’s love interest stealing from the rich to feed both her and her struggling family. It is important to note however that Von Wigging’s essay notes that the combination of Chaplain’s aesthetic contract as well as, social and political realities was problematic. To him the film does not ring true to the woes of depression when contrasted with the optimism of a go lucky clown. Still this does not discount the topical allusions which were used throughout this film. Unlike Buster this film Is very much a commentary on the world around them. When looking at the gags done in Modern Times the sheer expressiveness of Charlie. Uses the silliness of things like body movements. You especially you can’t overlook the obvious facial movements of Charlie compared to the stone faced Buster. For example scenes like when Charlie is being force fed food are pleasurable because of his being over the top clearly contrast scenes in the General like when Buster no longer sees the train in front of him and gives slight facial movement and reaction. This is one of Busters most well know trademarks. Buster got his start in a family vaudeville act and would later grow to own his own production studio where he directed and starred in a number of films. The General is a classic chase film set during the Civil War. It recounts the story of a down on his luck train engineer who gets wrapped up in a daring rescue for the love of his life. Laura Macgregor notes in her paper and as I mentioned Buster Sexton’s â€Å"the General. † Buster Keating tries to appeal to sentiments of the time which called for greater realism in comedic gags. 4 If it couldn’t happen in real life then it was not real and Buster saw it as an â€Å"impossible gag. † So rather than fantastic gags he would work at keeping his gags realistic. Laura add that by utilizing the long shot with a long take Buster is able to show how authentic his stunts, like when he travels between train carts, can be. This makes the slapstick comedy more believable to the audience ember. One example of another realistic gag is when Buster’s character disguises his love as a sac of potatoes. After putting her on the train you catch shots of Buster wincing in pain as he watches soldiers continue loading. 5 This is contrasted with some of the gags in Charlie’s’ film Modern Times such as the scene when Charlie finds new employment only to mess up and accidentally cast off one of the ships or the scene where he is blind folded and roller skating a few floors up. Cartoonist scenes where Charlie is being rung through the inside of a machine would not hold true to he realism Buster was looking for. It is important to note that Buster did not simply deny suspending belief in all his films, rather he developed a comedic realism within his features in response to audience’s wants. To add to the authenticity Keating also believed things should be visually real. From costumes to the genuine armies of people Buster was committed. â€Å"In the general I took a page from history and I stuck to it in all detail. I staged exactly what happened. â€Å"6 Another technique used by Buster in the General, which Laura touches on, was to plant the gag alongside the narrative. Just as audiences called for comedic realism Laura claims audiences of the sass’s were looking for more sophisticated or complex comedic relief over what many would deem as simple slapstick comedy. † †¦ Almost all of the gags in The General serve similar double duty as gag and narrative element† 7 It is interesting because by doing so gags not only are used to expand on the story but become key in the development and cohesiveness of the film. Once again looking at the scene where Buster potato sacs his damsel the gag is clearly working on the bigger picture of getting them back to their allies. Without this gag the story can not move forward as smoothly. In comparison to more random scenes within Charlie’s’ Modern Times such as his roller skating scene within the department store. Though comedic it is not intertwined within the plot. To better entertain the public and though both films were not received well for various reasons they commit to growing within there art Just in different ways. Charlie’s pressures being that of representing daily life in the Depression while Buster is more concerned with appealing to audiences’ want for a more realistic performance. How to cite Chaplin vs Buster, Papers

Who We Elect, Who They Elect Essay Example For Students

Who We Elect, Who They Elect Essay The assassination of President Kennedy in 1963 was a conspiracy against the government, for the government, and by the government. We, Americans, all have to sit back and wonder if an elected official or a Godfather of the Mafia is running our country. Who really has more power? With the assassination of President Kennedy we may have found our dreaded answer, and realized what our nation has become. The assassination of President Kennedy was one of mass conspiracy beginning on Capitol Hill and a tremendous double cross between Mafia and the government. It was fight for a strong hold on the oval office. Lyndon Johnson, Vice-President under Kennedy, with the help of Texas Governor John Connaly, conspired with Mafia to assassinate President Kennedy. The only undisputedly unmanipulated record of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy is a reel of film shot by Abraham Zapruder during the motorcade through Dealey Plaza. We will write a custom essay on Who We Elect, Who They Elect specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The film shows the motorcade slowly winding through the plaza, passing behind a road sign, and coming out the other side with the President holding his throat. Soon after this is noticed, the side of the President’s head seems to explode, throwing his head back and towards Jacqueline. Then Jacqueline is seen trying to crawl out of the back of limousine, which is a convertible with no bulletproof top, towards the secret service agents running toward the car. Finally, the car speeds off down the highway, under a railroad bridge, and out of sight. According to the Warren Commission’s report President John F. Kennedy was brutally murdered by two gun shot wounds to the head and thorax in front of scores of on lookers, in Deally Plaza, in the heart of Dallas, Texas. As the President’s motorcade turned onto Elm Street and progressed through Deally Plaza three shots rang out. The first gun shot sounded like a backfire from a car and was disregarded by the secret service as just that. The second shot struck the back of the President’s neck, exiting through his esophagus, and proceeded through Governor John Connaly’s shoulder, wrist, and ended by lodging its self in his left leg. Connaly was sitting directly in front of the president at the time of the assassination. The bullet, found in nearly mint condition, from the second stated shot was recovered and labeled exhibit 399 (6)*. The third and fatal shot sent a missile striking the right side of the President’s head, causing it to burst open. The President’s car sped off to Parkland Memorial Hospital were President Kennedy was pronounced dead. Within a few hours of the assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald, a staff member at the Texas Schoolbook Depository over looking Delay Plaza, was incarcerated in a nearby cinema for the murder of police officer JD Tippet. The FBI and Secret Service found a Mannlicher-Carcano high powered rifle on the sixth floor of the Texas SchoolBook De pository, and linked it directly to Lee Harvey Oswald. After hours of interrogation, Lee Harvey Oswald, having not confessed to any crimes, was charged with the murder of police officer Tippet, and as being the sole assassin in the assassination of the President. It was treated as an open and shut case. The next day Jack Ruby, a strip club owner in Dallas, shot and killed Oswald, the only prime suspect in the assassination, as police escorted him out of the Dallas police dept. to be transported to the county jail (6). The Warren Commission notes that during the autopsy an entrance wound bullet hole had been found on the back side of Kennedy’s neck, and is supported by sketches and the autopsy report of the wound. When photos of the autopsy, performed at Parkland Hospital, were released researchers found that the bullet hole the report had noted was, in fact, three to four inches lower on the back matching holes in the President’s clothing (3). With the release of the p hotographs of the autopsy and clothes, researchers have since noticed a saturated blood stain under the right * Parenthetical references are to sources numbered in the bibliography. A second number refers to page number(s). A single number signifies a video, lecture, or interview without pages. lip of the collar of the shirt and two small slices, which overlap when buttoned, under where the bow tie would have been. The question remains as to what might have happened to the President’s body during the plane trip from Parkland to Bethesda Hospital. What could have caused the photos from one autopsy to conflict so much with the records of another? The first suspicions came about when researchers noted that the Presidents body left Parkland hospital in a very nice casket but had arrived at Bethesda in a body bag and poor casket (7). Surgical differences too had been made to the body in that same time frame. In a comparison of autopsy records, Parkland recorded an egg-sized hole in the Presidents head with a majority of the brain remaining, but Bethesda recorded no brain and a hole four times the previously recorded size (7). It is evident that the body had been manipulated to look as though the assassination could have been carried out by a single shooter (7). Records of the autopsies were also manipulated. Commander James Humes, Commander in charge during President Kennedy’s autopsy, said that he had destroyed the original records of the autopsy, before the release of the Warren Report, after Oswald had died (7). Why would the government trouble themselves to manipulate the body to make the assassination look like it was performed by one shooter, when the time frame between each shot would make the accusation impossible?The Abraham Zapruder film allows 5.6 seconds from the first shot, that hit the curb throwing pieces of concrete onto a bystander, to the last shot, which broke open Kennedy’s head, also known as the red-halo effect (3). The Warren Commission reported that the shot that went through both Kennedy and Connally entered through the back of Kennedy’s neck, out the esophagus, and struck Connally 1.6 seconds later (6). Numerous military marksmen confirmed that the absolute quickest time anyone could reload and fire a M annlicher-Carcano rifle would be 2.3 seconds (6). With this fact in mind, and the knowledge of the Warren report saying that there were three shots fired, we now know that a single shooter is impossible. With the single shooter theory the film would have to allow 6.9 seconds for the assassin to reload and fire as many times as was reported (6). Many eyewitnesses to the assassination claim that they heard and saw shots fired from behind a wooden fence overlooking the grassy knoll in Dealey Plaza. If there were other shooters, who were they?In questioning, a woman observing the motorcade said that she had seen two men in the upper level windows of the Texas School Book Depository, and only one man had a rifle (2, 209). Another observer, a man, said that he saw a man with a rifle in the six floor southwest window of the Texas School Book Depository with another unarmed man standing behind him just moments before the assassination (2, 209). .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 , .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .postImageUrl , .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 , .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:hover , .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:visited , .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:active { border:0!important; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:active , .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491 .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c817feb9f474f1c0945d4b359dbf491:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: You Are What You Eat EssayChristian David, a French drug smuggler and, now, a highly trusted informer of international intelligence agencies, told Steve Rivele that he was offered a contract to kill President Kennedy, but turned it down due to the level of risk (8). The French assassins that accepted Kennedy’s contract were Rager Bocognari, Sauveur Pironti, and Lucien Sarti, who fired the frangible fatal bullet that caused Kennedy’s head to explode (8). David described how many shots were fired, and where they ended-up. He said that one missed completely, one came from the back of Kennedy, one hit the man in the front seat, Gov. Connally, and two were fired a lmost simultaneously, hitting Kennedy in the head (8). Michele Nikoli, a wealthy French underlord, confirmed David’s statements, and described the shooting points from which the assassins where stationed. Lucien Sarti was stationed on the grassy knoll and the other two stations were The School Book Depository and the Dal-Tex building (8). After the assassination, the assassins resided in a safe house for ten days and were flown, privately, to Montreal, Canada, and paid, not with cash money, but heroin (8). Nikoli said that he had converted the heroin into cash once the assassins had reached France (8). They were paid in heroin because it could not be counterfeited and it was untraceable. An eyewitness, standing only ten feet from the shooter on the grassy knoll, said that the bullet fired from the gassy knoll buzzed by his ear nearly rupturing his eardrum. He said that he had been filming the motorcade when he heard the shot, dove to the ground, and soon after, was kicked man y times by a hysterical man who stole his film. The next day the man was relocated by the military to a base in Alaska (8). There is a photograph, taken a fraction of a second after the fatal shot was fired, showing gun smoke on the grassy knoll. It also vaguely shows a man, who is believed to be holding a camera, standing in front of the smoke (8). A lady eyewitness by the name of Jean Hill also says that she heard shots from the grassy knoll (4). With three highly coordinated assassins, accepting a job of that magnitude could only mean one thing: Mafia. Could the Mafia have been so cautious as to station men to audit the job of each assassin? Directly following the assassination three â€Å"tramps† were arrested, who were found hiding in a box car with a clear view of the picket fence overlooking the grassy knoll (2, 208). No records remain of their arrest, but press photos of the â€Å"tramps† were found and professionally analyzed. The conclusion of the analysis was that the men were only dressed as tramps, but were also well groomed and clean cut (2, 208). One man was said to have resembled Lee Harvey Oswald, the prime suspect in the murder of President Kennedy. Another was identified as Charles V. Harrelson, a Dallas based hoodlum with connections to Carlos Marcello and Jack Ruby (2, 208). Records show that a man was taken into custody from the Dal-Tex building, and he was a Latin speaking man with no compre hension of English (2, 209). There is no account of his name or testimony. Jim Braden, a convicted embezzler, was taken into custody and placed in the building during the time of the assassination. He was also noted as having a room at the hotel The Cabana. The hotel Cabana was visited by Jack Ruby, a Dallas strip club owner and right hand man for Carlos Marcello, the night before the assassination (2, 208). Jack Ruby, the man who killed Oswald in the Dallas Police Department, was a Dallas henchman for David Ferrie, Carlos Marcello’s right hand man (1). Ruby was a trusted go between for the Mafia (3). In fact, Ruby may have been in charge of carrying out the set up of Oswald after the assassination because reports had identified him as being in the Parkland hospital directly following the assassination (3). He is believed to have planted the â€Å"magic bullet† in the hospital while checking to see if the president had died (3). Ruby knew Oswald, who had served in the Civil Air Patrol under David Ferrie (2, 216). Madeline Brown, Lyndon Johnson’s Texas lover, said that, in a nightclub in 1953, Jack Ruby had introduced her to Lee Harvey Oswald (3). So why would Ruby kill Oswald if he knew him? It may have been for the same reason that Tippet had been killed and found with two sets of bullets in him, none of which matched the gun that Oswald was carrying (3). It follows a particular pattern of the Mafia. If you are told to kill someone, and except the job, you have to finish the job or you will be killed (3). Officer Tippet had the opportunity to kill Oswald, hesitated, and was killed in return (3). When the Mafia issued the contract, originally, it is a probable possibility that David Ferrie accepted it and offered an assistance spot to Oswald. Ferrie is the person who taught Oswald to shoot high-powered rifles during his account with the Civil Air Patrol (2, 216). Jim Garrison says that Oswald not only turned the contract down, but also tri ed to warn the government ahead of time by means of telex (3). This alone, based on the nature of the contract, would be motive enough for the Mafia to set him up as a patsy, and carry out his execution. Carlos Marcello, Godfather of the Mafia in New Orleans and Dallas, said, in rage, that the Kennedy’s had had him kidnapped and left him in Guatemala (3). Marcello was under an extreme attack, by the government, for Mafia related crimes. Edward Becker, a private investigator, said that, in 1962 at his Churchill Farms estate, Marcello threatened to have Kennedy killed (2, 229). Although the godfather who had to grant permission to use Dallas as the assassination grounds, Carlos Marcello did not act alone (1). The means of which the assassins were paid brought Santo Trafficante into the equation. .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 , .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .postImageUrl , .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 , .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:hover , .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:visited , .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:active { border:0!important; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:active , .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91 .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a05f93781ce88b01bc5dd882ca42f91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adversity EssaySanto Trafficante, a Mafia boss who had accepted a contract on Fidel Castro’s life, hired three French assassins through Antoine Givenchy to kill Castro (8). Robert Mahue was hired by the CIA to be the go between for the government and the Mafia (8). Trafficante failed his mission and was imprisoned by Castro, but released by Fidel Castro’s brother Raul Castro (8). Raul released Trafficante for a payment in heroin, which was Trafficante’s cash crop. Trafficante was arrested because Fidel’s rebels had taken over the government in a successful revolution, and confiscated the extensive private holdings of the Mafiosi (3). This is the most significant reason why Trafficante hated Kennedy. During the invasion by the CIA into Cuba to overthrow Castro, Kennedy did not send reinforcements to help the CIA, which could have stopped the rebels from ever seizing the Mafiosi’s estates (3). When John Kennedy began to run for the office of the Presidency Joe Kennedy called, again, on Mafia boss of Chicago, Sam Giancana to help his son win the election (3). The deal between Kennedy and Giancana was to have the votes thrown in West Virginia, which would win the Democratic primary elections for John Kennedy (3). Kennedy, in turn, would have to return Joe Adantis to the United States (3). Adantis was a Mafia member who had previously been deported to Sicily (3). Giancana upheld his end of the deal and John Kennedy was elected President in the closest presidential race this country had ever seen. John Kennedy, however, did not live up to his father’s deal with the Mafia, but instead waged the biggest attack against organized crime in the history of the United States. Bobby Kennedy, District Attorney appointed by his brother President John Kennedy, led the investigations against the Mafia. Giancana had been double-crossed and in retribution put a contract out on Preside nt Kennedy’s life (3). The Mafia must have thought that if they were to attempt the assassination of President Kennedy they would have to do it successfully and covertly with no direct connections between them and the assassination. If anything had gone wrong, they would face being permanently shut down by the Kennedy administration. The hired assassins chosen by the Mafia had no direct contact with the Mafia, would not talk, and were not known by the FBI (8). The Mafia had indisputable means and motives, but the opportunity just could not have happened without some pull from DC. Could the Mafia and Vice-president Johnson have had a social contract on Kennedy’s life to get Johnson into office, and abolish the harsh investigations against the Mafia?Lyndon Johnson had hatred towards Kennedy that the public did not know about. He accepted the appointment to run for Vice-president under Kennedy, because he knew if he could get Kennedy out of office, he would be able to run the country as he saw fit (I, 187). He also knew that Kennedy had revered Hitler, and was leery about the actions of a President who respected a tyrannical psychopath. Johnsons mistress, Madeleine Brown of Texas, said that during a temper tantrum Johnson said, after that day President Kennedy would never embarrass me again. That was not a threat, but a promise. (3) President Kennedy allowed Lyndon B. Johnson to plan the trip through Texas since it was his home State (I, 185). The death route was against the secret service’s code that states that there are to be no turns 90 degrees or sharper because it would slow the motorcade and make to venerable (I, 186). The President’s Safety Advisor, Jerry Brunno, went to Texas to check the route (I, 186). During his stay in Texas he and Connally burst into a heated discussion about the route (I, 187). During the discussion, â€Å"Connally got on the telephone to the white house†, only allowing Bruno to hear one side of the conversation, and made it se em like the White House agreed to the route (I, 187). Brunno later discovered, after talking with Connally, that the White House was against the route completely (I, 188). Kennedy, Johnson, and Connally were the only people to know the plans of the trip up until a few weeks before they arrived (I, 185). The Warren Commission painstakingly tries to justify the parade by saying that if it hadn’t taken the detour that it would make an illegal turn, but isn’t it known that parades exceed all traffic laws (I, 189). Johnson also had said on the plane that Bobby Kennedy advised him to be sworn in before takeoff, but Bobby Kennedy denied any such statement (7). The Mafia had the pull they needed to insure their longevity, and Johnson had his golden ticket to the Presidency with little chance of being caught for conspiracy. With these key points in place the largest, most controversial, and covert conspiracy against United States government ever, was executed with great precisi on leaving the public with a dead twenty four year old â€Å"communist† to blame. I believe the most thought provoking aspect of the conclusions in my research of the assassination of John F. Kennedy is what I have noticed about the state of the world. The world in which we live is the most evil of any other time. It is often thought by ones self that he is far superior than the person in charge of him, but when murder becomes, not only a distant thought, but a means to become empowered, we must sit back think of what we have become. Bibliography1. Anderson, Jack. â€Å"JFK, the Mob, and Me,† Investigative Reports. New York: Arts and Entertainment Network. 1992. 2. Davis, John H. Mafia Kingfish. New York: Penguin. 1989. 3. McLean, John L. Lecture. Shawnee State University. Winter quarter. 1999. 4. Miller, David Lee. â€Å"Time for the Truth,† A Current Affair. New York: STF Productions. 1992. 5. Olgiati, Christopher. Sam Giancana. London, BBC. 1996. 6. Selby, Chip. â€Å"Reasonable Doubt,† Time Machine. New York: Arts and Entertainment Network. 1988. 7. Staab, Fred, ed. â€Å"JFK: The Missing Evidence,† A Current Affair. New York: STF Productions. 1992. 8.Turner, Nigel. The Men Who Killed Kennedy. London: British Central Television. 1988. Government Essays

Learn About the 3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

Learn About the 3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration We all need energy to function, and we get that energy from the foods we eat. Extracting those nutrients necessary to keep us going and then converting them into useable energy is the job of our cells. This complex yet efficient metabolic process, called cellular respiration, converts the energy derived from sugars, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, a high-energy molecule that drives processes like muscle contraction and nerve impulses. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells,  with most reactions taking place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes.   There are three main stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. Sugar Rush Glycolysis literally means splitting sugars, and it is the 10-step process by which sugars are released for energy. Glycolysis  occurs when glucose and oxygen are supplied to the cells by the bloodstream, and it takes place in the cells cytoplasm. Glycolysis can also occur without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. When glycolysis occurs without oxygen, cells make small amounts of ATP. Fermentation also produces lactic acid, which can build up in muscle tissue, causing soreness and a burning sensation. Carbs, Proteins, and Fats The Citric Acid Cycle,  also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the  Krebs Cycle,  begins after the two molecules of the three carbon sugar produced in glycolysis are converted to a slightly different compound (acetyl CoA). It is the process that allows us to use the energy found in carbohydrates,  proteins, and  fats. Although the citric acid cycle does not use oxygen directly, it works only when oxygen is present. This cycle takes place in the matrix of cell  mitochondria. Through a series of intermediate steps, several compounds capable of storing high energy electrons are produced along with two ATP molecules. These compounds, known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are reduced in the process. The reduced forms (NADH and FADH2) carry the high energy electrons to the next stage. Aboard the Electron Transport Train Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation is the third and final step in aerobic cellular respiration. The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules found within the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Through a series of reactions, the high energy electrons generated in the citric acid cycle are passed to oxygen. In the process, a chemical and electrical gradient is formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane as hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the inner membrane space. ATP is ultimately produced by oxidative phosphorylation- the process by which enzymes in the cell oxidize nutrients. The protein  ATP synthase uses the energy produced by the electron transport chain for  the phosphorylation (adding a phosphate group to a molecule) of ADP to ATP. Most ATP generation occurs during the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation stage of cellular respiration.